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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:18.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋體">淺析</span><span style="font-family:宋體">GIS用進出線瓷套的傘裙設計</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">摘要：</span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">進出線瓷套是氣體絕緣金屬封閉開關設備（</span><span style="font-family:宋體">GIS）高電壓與地電位絕緣的重要元件，傘裙作為瓷套外絕緣部分，主要用來保護內絕緣免受周圍環境因素影響，并提供所需爬電距離。傘裙的尺寸、安裝位置等不同會產生大小不同的濕閃絡電壓，對整個GIS系統的可靠運行意義重大。因此傘裙造型和結構設計等對瓷套的使用壽命極為重要。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">關鍵詞：</span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">GIS；瓷套傘裙；濕閃絡電壓；爬電距離</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:15.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">Analysis of the umbrella skirt design for inlet and outlet porcelain bushing of GIS</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Abstract</span><span style="font-family:宋體">：</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">T</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">he inlet and outlet porcelain bushing is an important component of high voltage and ground potential insulation in gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear</span><span style="font-family:宋體">（</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">GIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體">）</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">. It is mainly used to protect internal insulation from environmental factors and provide the required climbing distance. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">T</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">he size, installation position and so on of the umbrella skirt will produce different sizes of wet flashlight voltage</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">which is of great significance to the reliable operation of the whole GIS system</span><span style="font-family:宋體">。 </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">T</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">herefore</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">the shape and structure </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">design</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">of the umbrella skirt are </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">extremely</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">important to the service life of the porcelain bushing</span><span style="font-family:宋體">。</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">Key words</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">:</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">GIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體">；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">umbrella skirt of</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;porcelain bushing<span style="font-family:宋體">；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">wet flashlight voltage</span><span style="font-family:宋體">；</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">creepage distance</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋體">引言</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">進出線瓷套是氣體絕緣金屬封閉開關設備（</span><span style="font-family:宋體">GIS）高電壓與地電位絕緣的重要控件，作為SF6氣體與空氣的分界面，使高壓中心導體由SF6氣體絕緣過渡到空氣絕緣，將電力線路引出或引入，在架空輸電線路中起到重要作用</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋體">[3]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">，在日常運行中需長期經受污穢、高溫、低溫、覆冰、高海拔、紫外線、雷電、淋雨、地震及臺風等特殊運行環境考驗。瓷套若由于環境和電負荷條件發生變化導致的各種機電應力而失效，將會損害整條線路的使用和運行壽命，優化瓷套的傘裙參數，提高外絕緣性能，對整個</span><span style="font-family:宋體">GIS系統的可靠運行具有重要意義</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋體">[2]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">本文研究的</span><span style="font-family:宋體">126kV的GIS進出線瓷套為SF6充氣瓷套管，主要由瓷件（傘裙）、上下法蘭、水泥膠合劑、防水膠、704硅橡膠等元件組成，具體的結構如圖1所示。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="http://www.zjmyst.com/upload/4e/6705c6498423902f86e44afe7d5b15.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:18.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:9.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1-</span><span style="font-family:宋體">瓷件（傘裙）；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2-</span><span style="font-family:宋體">上法蘭；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3-</span><span style="font-family:宋體">下法蘭；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4-</span><span style="font-family:宋體">水泥膠合劑；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">5-</span><span style="font-family:宋體">防水膠；</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">6-704</span><span style="font-family:宋體">硅橡膠</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">圖</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1 &nbsp;126kV GIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體">瓷套結構圖</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">隨著電力系統工作電壓的提高和輸電容量的增加，對瓷套的性能尤其是傘裙的可靠、穩定、有效性等也提出了較高的要求。傘裙作為瓷套的外絕緣部分，是影響閃絡電壓的主要因素之一，其作用是保護內部結構免受氣候影響和電蝕作用，并在雨天時保持瓷套的一部分干燥表面和增加電極間沿瓷表面的泄露距離，以提高濕閃絡電壓。本文將從淋雨時的閃絡路徑、濕閃電壓計算、濕閃電壓影響因素等方面分析</span><span style="font-family:宋體">GIS用進出線套管的傘裙設計，力求合理、科學地把握其設計機理及要領。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">淋雨時的閃絡路徑</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">進出線瓷套用大小不同的傘裙來提高濕閃絡電壓，垂直安裝的進出線瓷套淋雨時，其表面并未全部被雨淋濕，如圖</span><span style="font-family:宋體">2所示。傘的上表面被水膜蓋著，有較大的電導；傘的下表面和一部分圓柱表面BCD不直接淋雨，只是被濺回的、或由電場吸入的微小水珠所沾濕，濕潤程度小，表面電導也小。施加電壓時，絕大部分電壓由表面BCD承受。當電壓升高到一定值時，空氣間隙BD擊穿或沿瓷表面BCD閃絡，全部電壓加到AB、DE等上，由于濕表面閃絡電壓低，若電源容量足夠大，放電通道ABD就發展為電弧放電，發生完全閃絡。可知進出線瓷套的濕閃絡是一種沿著被雨淋濕的表面和空氣間隙串聯路徑的放電。若雨量特別大，傘邊緣BE線段大部分被雨水短路，則放電也可能沿BE產生。由此可見，濕閃絡電壓與瓷套外形尺寸和傘裙形狀有密切關系</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋體">[1]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="http://www.zjmyst.com/upload/db/67be3f1d8f323fd333333793bf6715.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">圖</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">瓷套淋雨時的閃絡路徑</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">濕閃絡電壓的計算</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">濕閃絡電壓是戶外瓷套最重要的性能指標，瓷套在雨天應仍能承受住操作過電壓的作用。濕閃絡電壓是決定戶外進出線瓷套外形結構的最主要因素。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">介質表面完全淋濕時，雨水形成連續的導電層，泄漏電流增加，閃絡電壓大大降低。標準雨下，被雨淋濕表面的閃絡電壓僅為干燥狀態的</span><span style="font-family:宋體">40%～50%；若雨水電導率增加，則閃絡電壓還要降低，如圖3所示（取雨水電導率0.01S/m時的閃絡電壓為1）。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">完全淋濕表面的沿面放電過程與表面臟污時的沿面放電過程不同，淋雨時雨水能更快地將表面局部烘干的間隙重新潤濕，恢復連續的導電層，所以泄露電流兩次躍變的時間間隔很短，甚至完全連續，沒有明顯的躍變現象。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="http://www.zjmyst.com/upload/83/f9e9e0165f5bf09611d1cd74d5329b.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">圖</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">雨水電導率對濕閃電壓的影響</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">垂直安裝有傘的進出線瓷套在標準雨（</span><span style="font-family:宋體">20</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:仿宋"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:仿宋">℃</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">時，雨水的體積電阻率為</span><span style="font-family:宋體">100&plusmn;15&Omega;&middot;m，雨滴細小均勻，降雨量為1.0～1.5mm/min，降雨方向與水平面近似為45&deg;）下的工頻濕閃絡電壓（有效值）可用如下經驗公式計算：</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:78.7500pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">U=E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">l</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">+E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">l</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋體">kV</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">式中，</span><span style="font-family:宋體">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">=淋雨表面的閃絡場強（有效值），kV/cm；</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋體">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">=空氣間隙的閃絡場強（有效值），kV/cm；</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:52.5000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">=濕閃路徑中的淋雨表面長度，cm；</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:52.5000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">=濕閃路徑中的空氣間隙部分長度，cm。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">上式適用的</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">、</span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">范圍為</span><span style="font-family:宋體">7～125cm，</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">是指濕閃路徑中各空氣間隙最短距離之和，例如在圖</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">4</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">中，</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">=BJ+EK+</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">&hellip;</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">，而</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">l</span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">=AB+JE+KH+</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">&hellip;</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">。</span><span style="font-family:宋體">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">可由圖</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">5</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">查得，</span><span style="font-family:宋體">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">（有效值）可取為</span><span style="font-family:宋體">3kV/cm。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="http://www.zjmyst.com/upload/6d/e1619818fbb8af5574df2edcb0ecf1.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">圖</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">4 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">濕閃距離計算圖</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="http://www.zjmyst.com/upload/e7/3f192af28e1b93f5c1faa0b32fef2e.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">圖</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">5 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">垂直安裝瓷套傘裙淋雨表面的</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">閃絡場強</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">E</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">與淋雨長度</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">l</span></span></span></span>_{<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:sub"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">1</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">的關系</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">（雨水電導率</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">0.01S/m</span><span style="font-family:宋體">）</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">3 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">影響濕閃電壓的因素</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">進出線瓷套傘裙的傘寬</span><span style="font-family:宋體">a和傘距t是影響閃絡路徑中濕表面和空氣間隙比值的主要因素，圖6給出了模型研究的結果（試品高1m，傘數n）。傘寬a較小時，表面干燥區域小，濕表面比例大，閃絡電壓低；a增加，濕閃絡電壓升高，當a＞0.5t時，閃絡離開傘表面而在傘邊緣空氣間隙中發生，濕閃電壓不再增加。減小傘距t也能提高濕閃電壓，大多數情況下，t的下限取4～5cm，大尺寸的瓷套傘寬大，t也應該大一些。傘形的合理關系a/t=0.5只對大氣潔凈地區的進出線瓷套適用。運行中瓷套表面會有臟污，要適當增加泄露距離，提高a/t值。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div><img alt="" src="http://www.zjmyst.com/upload/aa/72eb7b0753fe6b55c65901127ea34a.png" style="border:0;max-width:100%;" /></div> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">圖</span><span style="font-family:宋體">6 不同傘距時，濕閃電壓與傘寬的關系</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">a</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">，</span><span style="font-family:宋體">t值：1-15,6cm；2-8,12cm；3-4,25cm</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">一般</span><span style="font-family:宋體">a/t在0.5～1范圍內。</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">過大，不會提高濕閃電壓，反而增加瓷件重量。合理的瓷套傘形設計應使在傘數和傘寬最小的條件下獲得必要的濕閃電壓。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">傘的傾斜角對進出線瓷套的濕閃電壓也有影響。傘盤應向下傾斜，以使雨水能形成水珠下落。傘盤最合適的傾斜角為</span><span style="font-family:宋體">20&deg;～30&deg;，為減少傘裙重量，推薦取下限值。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">進出線瓷套的安裝位置（垂直、水平或傾斜）影響表面淋濕狀態，因而對濕閃電壓也有影響。垂直安裝時，瓷套上部傘邊緣流下的雨水局部短路了傘緣的空氣間隙，因此閃絡電壓降低，這在大雨時特別明顯。水平安裝時，瓷表面全部淋濕，但雨水不會短路傘緣間空氣間隙，它的濕閃電壓由泄露距離決定。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">操作和雷電沖擊電壓下，表面淋雨對閃絡電壓的影響比工頻電壓下要小。電壓作用時間越短，濕閃電壓越接近干閃電壓</span></span></span></span>^{<span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:宋體">[4]</span></span></span></span></span>}<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">。當電壓作用時間約</span><span style="font-family:宋體">0.01s時，濕閃電壓比干閃電壓約低10%，雷電沖擊電壓下濕閃電壓與干閃電壓的差別更小。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">4 </span><span style="font-family:宋體">結語</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">首先確定有損壞可能的絕緣部位以及可能受到的電壓，同時根據電壓類型、電場分布、材料工藝等條件下的介電強度數據，并考慮一定的裕度后，才可決定進出線瓷套傘裙的的結構尺寸。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">改善沿面電壓分布，提高放電起始電壓的方法可以用：加大法蘭處傘裙的外徑，以增加絕緣厚度，減小比電容（固體介質單位面積對導電桿的電容）；采用介電常數小的介質，如瓷</span><span style="font-family:宋體">-氣組合絕緣；在靠近法蘭處涂半導體或半導體釉等方式減小表面電阻率等。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋體">為了確保設備的可靠運行，設備絕緣在滿足電氣性能要求的同時，還必須校核其機械性能及熱性能等。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="line-height:150%"><strong style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:宋體">參考文獻</span></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:28px; text-align:left; text-indent:-21.0000pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">1</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋體">嚴璋</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">朱德恒</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">高電壓絕緣技術</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">M</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">].</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">中國電力出版社</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">,200</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">(</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">3</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">):</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">120</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">-</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">125</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋體">張銳</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">吳光亞</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">袁田</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">我國復合絕緣子關鍵制造技術的發展與展望</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">J</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">].</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">高電壓技術</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">, 200</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">7</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">(</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">33</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">):</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">106</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">-</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">110</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">3</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋體">余良清，劉鐵濤</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋體">高壓</span><span style="font-family:宋體">SF6-空氣瓷套管絕緣結構設計</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">中國電機工程學會高電壓專業委員會</span><span style="font-family:宋體">2004年學術會議</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">中國電機工程學會，</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">200</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">4</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">[</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">4</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">]</span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-family:宋體">劉曉明</span>,趙云學,溫吉斌. 超高壓斷路器出線套管電場數值計算與絕緣分析[J].沈陽工業大學學報,2008(1):28-31.</span></span></span></span></span></p>